And when this happens, she wonders yet again how the wolf ever became the domesticated dog. They'll look you in the eye and grab the meat”-a disconcerting assertiveness that she has experienced on more than one occasion. “You can leave a piece of meat on a table and tell one of our dogs, 'No!' and he will not take it,” Virányi says. Yet despite having lived and worked with the scientists for seven years, the wolves retain an independence of mind and behavior that is most undoglike. They have trained the wolves and dogs to follow basic commands, to walk on leashes and to use their nose to tap the screen of a computer monitor so that they can take cognition tests. At the center, the researchers oversee and study four packs of wolves and four packs of dogs, containing anywhere from two to six animals each. Since 2008 Zsófia Virányi, an ethologist at the Wolf Science Center in Austria, and her colleagues have been raising the two species to figure out what makes a dog a dog-and a wolf a wolf. When you have cared for dogs and wild wolves from the time they are little more than a week old and have bottle-fed and nurtured them day and night, you are wise to their differences.
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